The Problem With Feminism, The Media, And You - 1824 Words

The Problem With Feminism, The Media, and You â€Å"Women accounted for only twenty-nine percent of the speaking roles and all too often, they were primarily there to look decorative - roughly a third involved wearing sexually revealing clothes or being partially naked† (Lenard). The reason this statistic is crucial to this paper is because in this digital age children are mostly influenced by the media, what they see on television, or films, what they hear in the music they listened to, and what they read online on their social media sites, what does it due to them when they see women as simple background characters, or sexualized objects. Even though the media may have become very progressive in this day and age, sexism in the media still†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Between 1990 and 1995 only 28.7 percent of speaking parts were women. Similar studies have shown that female speaking parts comprise just twenty-five percent of characters in top films between 1946 and 1955† (Vincent). That is only a quarter o f every part, and how many of those women were just there to be a simple love interest or to appear sexy for the male audience, even though women make up for over half the human population on the planet. What is really worrisome is how this is actually somewhat accurate with women being a political minority, being majorly outnumbered in their workforces In 2012 only six out of the top one-hundred films had a roughly equal male, female cast (Lenard). Now not every movie has to have completely equal casts, but when only six percent do, then there is a problem. This is an actual problem because children are influenced by what they see online or on television. A recent study has shown that watching TV can lower a child s confidence unless that child is a white male (Goldberg). Just think of how the media put all these expectations on children, women have to be like this, boys have to be like this, this is an attractive person, this is not, this is a talent and a useful skill, â€Å"That is something only girls should do come on act like a man†, or â€Å"Oh no child that is not very feminine give it up immediately† . Boys have multiple

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2178 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Literature Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Ernest Hemingway Essay Did you like this example? The theme of masculinity suggests itself as an obvious area of focus with Hemingways collection In Our Time, as these short stories and vignettes are explicitly concerned with men, male activities, male professions and traditionally masculine areas of human experience such as war, hunting and fighting. The collection is notable for its focus on male characters, most notably figures such as Nick Adams, and for the relative absence of women (indeed, Hemingway titled another of his short story collections Men Without Women). Where women do feature, it is often in a secondary or passive role, with the male characters in the story wielding power in the text and also providing the perspective of Hemingways narration. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ernest Hemingway Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order This essay will argue that masculinity is a central theme in In Our Time, and moreover that much of the tension within the texts comes from the conflict between characters self-perceptions of their own masculinity and the reality of their masculine behaviour. Defining what masculinity means, both for themselves and in the context of other characters perceptions of them, is a central concern of Hemingways male protagonists in this collection, as in his oeuvre more generally (Fore, 2007). In the early story The Indian Camp and the vignette Chapter II, Hemingway presents women from the perspective of men: they are associated with children in general and with childbirth in particular. Notably, women are not given a voice in either of these stories; instead, they are seen from the perspective of men. As passive individuals whose primary role is to give birth, women in In Our Time are figured as secondary. Their lack of masculinity means a lack of driving force in the text, which instea d comes from male characters, male actions, and male interactions. Hemingway championed, in his fiction as well as in his life, the notion of the competent, masculine male; his motto on this subject was the masculine notion of grace under pressure (Durham, 1976). The ability to perform a task or job well is one that Hemingway values in his life and fiction, and in In Our Time we see this confident, competent male type embodied by Nick Adams father the doctor. In the story The Indian Camp, his visit to the camp is predicated on the notion that he is an extremely competent doctor, able as he notes to perform a caesarian with a jack knife and stitch it up afterwards. In this same story, the doctor can be contrasted with the Indian father who kills himself, thereby dichotomising the able male and the unable male and introducing another of Hemingways key themes: namely, suicide. That suicide in the text is no less gendered than professional competence is made evident in the exchange betw een Nick and his father which follows their leaving the Indian Camp: Do many men kill themselves, Daddy? Not very many, Nick. Do many women? Hardly ever. Dont they ever? Oh, yes. They do sometimes. (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.) The differences in the behaviour of men and women take on an almost anthropological quality in the gendered presentation of character in In Our Time. Men are explicitly figured as active, aggressive and macho in contrast to womens passivity. Whilst Hemingway of course nuances his presentation to include different types of men, and to suggest that there is more than one way of being masculine, there are recurrent themes which can be said to centre around the idea of violence. Men in the stories measure themselves and each other in terms of acts of violence. In the story The Doctor and the Doctors Wife, masculinity is presented as a form of awareness of ones own capacity to commit acts of violence. Dick Boultons very felicity as a male seems to depend on the a ccuracy of his awareness of his own masculinity: Dick Boulton looked at the doctor. Dick was a big man. He knew how big a man he was. He liked to get into fights. He was happy (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.). Violence, recognition of ones capacity to commit violence, and comfort in ones own power as a male, are here presented as key features of felicitous masculinity. By contrast, those male characters who are unhappy and who commit acts of violence against themselves (alcoholism, more literally suicide) are ones whose self-perceptions of their own masculinity do not accord with the reality, leading to what some critics have identified as the crisis of masculinity in Hemingways fiction (Hatten, 1993). The very title of the story The Doctor and the Doctors Wife contrasts the male and the female characters as Hemingway sees them: the Doctor is impulsive, angered, and takes the more cynical interpretation of his adversarys actions; by contrast, his wife is presented as pious, forgiving, and so mewhat naive in her reading of human motives. However, she is able to calm the doctor down and he goes outside to see Nick. Tellingly, however, Nick decides to go off with his father at the end of the story rather than go inside to see his mother. He tells his father he knows where there are black squirrels, and they set off to take part in that most male of activities: hunting. Ultimately, female piety and compassion only temper the masculine urges and drives in the story; it is masculinity which pervades as a theme, and violence or the potential for violence which is restored by the storys close. Hemingways presentation of masculinity must therefore be contrasted with his notions of femininity, and it can be noted that both are presented in terms of types. In In Our Time, the greatest type division is between men and women; within these divisions, there are sub-categories. Thus the short story Mr and Mrs Eliot presents the dichotomy of the male and female in its title, and th en proceeds in the story itself to break down this division further into different types. At no point, however, is it questioned that there are certain characteristics which can be considered exclusively or predominantly feminine, and those that can be considered masculine. Femininity and masculinity are not abstract notions but rather the locus of concrete differences in the text. Thus Mrs Eliot is presented in terms of stereotypes concerning her gender and geographical origins: Like all Southern women Mrs. Elliot disintegrated very quickly under sea sickness, travelling at night, and getting up too early in the morning (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.). This sentence is not a qualified presentation of an individual, but a stereotyping of all females from the South of the United States. This is typical of the way in which gender, masculinity and femininity, are presented in the texts: there are clear archetypes for human characteristics, and characters are presented as conforming to them or deviating from them. Implicit in the short story Mr and Mrs Eliot is a critique of the ways in which Mr Eliot departs from the ideal of masculinity presented in the collection more generally: he is a poet, he drinks white wine, he has not been with many women and he tries, unsuccessfully, to have a baby with his wife. Ultimately, he is emasculated and usurped from the marital bed and his role as a masculine impregnator of women: Mrs. Elliot and the girl friend now slept together in the big mediaeval bed. They had many a good cry together (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.). Instead, the bed becomes the site not of any female (lesbian) eroticism but instead of female communication and empathy: the women cry there together. This is presented as an antithesis to the idea of idealised masculinity, in which actions speak louder than words. In such a context, Mr Eliots being a poet, and dedicating his nights to writing verse and drinking white wine instead of more becoming masculine pursuits, can her e be read in a critical light as a satire on the modern man who departs from the traditional notion of masculinity as embodied in the collection by figures such as Nick Adams and his father. The story which perhaps most clearly presents the idealised model of masculinity, and the key notion of the potential difference between mens perceptions of themselves and the reality of their masculinity, is Big Two-Hearted River. Here, Nick Adams is presented as happily in an elemental, masculine state. Men are happy in Hemingway when they are doing an activity well, and here Nick Adams is presented as engaged in fishing the river, a feeling which he enjoys and an experience which he knows well. Hemingway explicitly presents this activity in physical terms; masculine behaviour is notable in the collection for being physically impressive and physically demanding, and the impression is of behaviour which is rewarding for men to the extent that it is physically draining. Thus Nick is happy in proportion to the degree to which he exerts himself: The road climbed steadily. It was hard work walking up-hill. His muscles ached and the day was hot, but Nick felt happy (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.). The pleasure of physical exertion is a defining theme of masculinity in this collection as well as in Hemingways writing more generally (Fore, 2007); it is seen in the context of a number of typically male activities, from fishing as in this story through to war, bullfighting and shooting (Vernon, 2002). The story also presents a key Hemingway theme in the context of masculinity: namely, male bonding and the ways in which men negotiate their own masculinity together. Much has been made of homoeroticism and suppressed homosexualities in Hemingways work as well as in his life (Blackmore, 1998; Cohen, 1995; Elliott, 1993; Fantina, 2004), but what is more obviously present here is the notion that masculinity is something which is negotiated between men, indirectly rather than directly. Thus N ick Adams measures his own masculinity alongside his old friend Hopkins, who is now presumably dead, drinking a tribute coffee to the man whom he bonded with and against whom he measured some elements of his own masculinity: Not the first cup. It should be straight Hopkins all the way. Hop deserved that. He was a very serious coffee drinker. He was the most serious man Nick had ever known. Not heavy, serious. That was a long time ago. (Hemingway, 1925, n.p.) Significantly, this male bonding is something which is negotiated indirectly, with intervening time and space coming between Nick and Hopkins. Even more significantly, Hemingway presents this masculine bonding indirectly, through the free indirect discourse of Nicks thoughts and reminiscences. This device allows Hemingway to present masculinity indirectly, and to emphasise in the nostalgia and pathos of this longer story the loss and pain that the masculine world of war creates (Clifford, 1994). Nick is not presented as having any direct contact with Hopkins, there is no quoting or speech, but instead Nick and the reader are obliged to experience this process of masculine connection from a distance, at a remove. To conclude, it is evident that masculinity is an extremely important theme in In Our Time. In particular, it allows for a dichotomy to be present in the texts between males as active, violent and powerful on the one hand, and women as passive, responsive and objectified on the other. Women are the subject of the male gaze, which is always seeking to define itself in terms of idealised masculinity. However, men also turn their gazes on themselves and each other, and it can be noted in conclusion that a central source of narrative tension in the text is the conflict between characters perceptions of their masculinity and the reality. This comes to the fore in relationship problems with women, but also in acts of violence and conflict between males, where the need to assert ones masculinity come s at the expense of denying another man the opportunity to fully exert his. The pathos of this disconnect between idealised masculinity and the harsh reality of many of his male characters existences is what gives to Hemingways collection In Our Time its unmistakably elegiac tone. References Blackmore, D. (1998). In New York itd mean I was a: Masculinity anxiety and period discourses of sexuality in The Sun Also Rises. The Hemingway Review, 18(1), 49. Clifford, S. P. (1994). Hemingways Fragmentary Novel: Readers Writing the Hero in In Our Time. The Hemingway Review, 13, 12-23. Cohen, P. F. (1995). I wont kiss you Ill send your English girl: homoerotic desire inA Farewell to Arms.. The Hemingway Review, 15(1), 42-54. Durham, P. (1976). Ernest Hemingways Grace under Pressure: The Western Code. The Pacific Historical Review, 425-432. Elliott, I. (1993). A farewell to arms and Hemingways crisis of masculine values. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory, 4(4), 291-304. Fantina, R. (2004). Hemingways Masochism, Sodomy, and the Dominant Woman. The Hemingway Review, 23(1), 84-105. Fore, D. (2007). Life Unworthy of Life?: Masculinity, Disability, and Guilt in The Sun Also Rises. The Hemingway Review, 26(2), 74-88. Hatten, C. (1993). The Crisis of Masculin ity, Reified Desire, and Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4(1), 76-98. Hemingway, E. (1925) In Our Time. New York: Simon and Schuster. Available online at scribd.com [accessed 3rd March 2016] at: https://www.scribd.com/read/236832081/In-Our-Time. Vernon, A. (2002). War, Gender, and Ernest Hemingway. The Hemingway Review, 22(1), 34-55.

Nutrition Fn Essays - 1150 Words

Question 1 (3 pts): Clients will often approach the RD, bewildered as to how to select, plan, and prepare a healthy diet for themselves or their families. Using yourself as an example, discuss the six basic principles of diet planning and how they apply to your dietary intake. Answer 1: Preparing and eating health meals for me and my family can be difficult with our busy schedule, but it starts with a plan. Using the 6 principles of diet planning I start with adequacy. I accomplish this by writing out a grocery list of all the things my family will need for the week. I also shop weekly because we prefer fresh fruit and vegetables. Next, I make sure we have an even balance of foods. I write out meal plans for the week to make sure my†¦show more content†¦Do you have a preference as to which one you would use with clients? Answer 2: The dietary guidelines for Americans in 2010 have 4 main points. Starting with balancing calories to manage weight. With in this section it talks about how to maintain calorie control,intake,and balance. Also, is talks about physical activity and keeping active to maintain a healthy weight. In the Canadian guidelines it has in own section for keeping active and doing it in accordance to your body weight, but it really doesnt touch on calorie balance or intake. Next, the American guidelines touches on foods to reduce from your diet. Focuses limiting sodium, saturated, mono and poly saturated,cholesterol ,trans fats,added sugars,refined grains,and alcohol. Whereas Canadian guidelines really just focus a lot on salt intake, alcohol, and caffeine. Next American guidelines talks about food to increase. Included in this list is fruits, vegetables, fat free dairy, lean proteins, seafood, and foods that have more vitamins within them. The Canadian guidelines emphasis consuming a v ariety of complex carbs and foods from the earth. Also, incorporating low fat dairy products as part of a daly routine. Although, both will guide the average person to a healthier lifestyle I would refer my clients to the American guidelines because it goes in to more depth of how to live healthier. Question 3 (3 pts): MyPyramid is a popular graphic source for nutrition information.Show MoreRelatedThe Goals Of The National School Lunch Program Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of the National School Lunch Program is consistent with the values of social work through the cooperation among the three agencies of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA): the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), and the Farm Service Agency (FSA). The FNS serves as the primary liaison between USDA and local education agencies. It is responsible for the general administration of the National School Lunch Program. The FSA and the AMS work hand in handRead MoreFood Stamps: An Important Government Transfer Program Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the recipients are not directly given cash, rather they receive coupons (nowadays, a plastic card) that can only be exchanged for certain items. This guarantees that the money will be used solely on food. Numerous stud ies done by the Food and Nutrition Service of the USDA have shown that giving people Food Stamps caused them to purchase a significantly larger amount of food than they would with a cash subsidy (Super). 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To what extent should the government decide for the citizens? These are some questions this policy brief attempts to answer. Anyone likes government to decide their diet; however several programs were implemented to face one of the most important consequences ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity Epidemic1421 Words   |  6 PagesAgriculture’s National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Healthy Kids, the Food and Nutrition Services (FNS), the Department of Education and erected councils within schools that will monitor the process. The general recommendations are to revamp the meals, limit students’ access to â€Å"competitive foods† i.e. food that compete with federally subsidized meals, renovating health classes should the need be to pay more attention to nutrition, developing programs to train teachers on wellness in relation to childrenRead MoreDescription Of The Bill, Sponsors And Fiscal Resolution2023 Words   |  9 Pagesfrequency of those 18 and under being overweight or obese (NSCH, 2007). 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The researchers decided to undergo this study because motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown

Theme Of Young Goodman Brown - 1021 Words

In a world filled with evil, deceit, and turmoil, everyone is capable of sinning. Humans are by nature sinners and susceptible to evil since the fall of Adam and Eve. The short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts the theme of hypocrisy in the Puritan society and fall into temptation as the protagonist, Young Goodman Brown ventures out into the dark woods to join an evil ceremony. As a faithful, pious Puritan, Goodman Brown is easily swayed into the darkness of the woods which illustrates the corruptibility of the Puritan society and human nature to sin. Through symbolic names, allegorical meaning of the journey, and the dark, secret setting of the devilish commencement, Hawthorne clearly portrays the theme of the†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of his journey, Goodman refuses to hold the serpentine staff of the old man to guide him through his journey, but after witnessing trusted, pious townspeople heading towards the devilish ritual and hearing his wife’s voice, â€Å"Goodman grasps his staff and sets forth again at such a rate that he seemed to fly along the forest path rather than to walk or run...rushing onward with the instinct that guides mortal man to evil† (323). This shows that Goodman was easily tempted to follow the devil and betray his faith because he saw everyone else being tempted. As he held onto the serpentine staff, he was guided fast through the path of darkness and into the devil’s abode to join the pious, religious townspeople who were not so pious. His curiosity to find the truth changes his life for the worst and disillusions him. He realizes that people are not who they seem to be and the Puritan religion is corrupt and the people following it are hypocrites. Additionally, the setting of the dark, secret communion in the town of Salem during the late 1700s evidently portrays the theme of hypocrisy in society and the fall of evil. Hawthorne, a descendent of a judge during the Salem Witch Trials, uses his knowledge of Puritan society to depict their beliefs and attitudes in a vague, dreamlike story. The puritansShow MoreRelatedYoung Goodman Brown Theme Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom innocence,† In the short story, Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne shows numerous ways a young adult loses his innocence and religious upbringing simply by the allowing the influence of others to take over the truths that have been deeply rooted throughout his childhood. The main character, Young Goodman Brown, discovers that his wife, his own self and his acquaintances are, not who he thought they were on the inside. There are many themes these characters represent throughout theRead More The Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay22 78 Words   |  10 PagesThe Theme of Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay intends to develop an interpretation of the theme of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.    To come by a clear notion of the theme of   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is no easy task, thanks to the confusing style of the author. As A.N. Kaul says in the â€Å"Introduction† to Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays:    Because Hawthorne was much given to evasions, mystifications, and prevarications of various sorts, because he repeatedly confusesRead More The Themes in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay3172 Words   |  13 PagesThe Themes in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the reader finds several themes. These will be discussed in this essay.    Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism† explains what he interprets Hawthorne’s main theme to be:    Once the self has been redeemed from society it can be explored in its own terms, and for this purpose Hawthorne developed his peculiar use of emblematic allegory. . . . 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During Young Goodman Brown’s journey, his faith is shaken as he witnesses those he respects the most also journeying to and participating in the witch’s Sabbath. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstratesRead MoreEssay about Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown3036 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† –   Theme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The themes in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† are not as obvious as might be expected. This essay intends to present an interpretation of the tale along the lines of theme.    In reading Hawthorne’s tales, Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses† (in Literary World, August 17, 24, 1850) makes discoveries relevant to the themes:    Where Hawthorne is known, he seems to be deemed a pleasant writer, with a pleasant styleRead MoreTheme Of Young Goodman Brown And The Cask Of Amontillado740 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe have surplus amounts of irony that animate both short stories. Demented felonious antagonists and clueless protagonists cause the stories to seem similar. Montresor, a cunning and licentious human from â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and caring Goodman from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† persistently use verbal irony, nevertheless, the irony is unique to each story. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Read MoreTheme Of Young Goodman Brown And The Cask Of Amontillado970 Words   |  4 Pagesmysterious, and one of the ways that Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe compliment and counteract this goal in their works â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, respectively, is with irony. Their masterful use of irony engages the reader in the work and invites them to consider the story and the characters’ intentions. The irony presented in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe allows us to understand the emotions of the charactersRead MoreTheme Of Young Goodman Brown And The Man In The Black Suit1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe depictions of the Devil in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Stephen King’s â€Å"The Man in The Black Suit† include differences to the character that convey the numerous ways evil can affect the innocence and morality of people. Their appearance and motivations dictate the success their evil intentions have on the character and lives of the protagonists. The physical manifestation of both devils mirrors the different strategies they utilized to manipulate the protagonists’ destructionRead MoreComparison of Themes in In The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne 596 Words   |  3 PagesGame† by Richard Connell and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both stories have very different themes. Brown is a man that has followed the right path all his life suddenly is challenged to face temptaion and ending all his curosity. He decides to go into the forest to face the devil. In Richard Connells short story he centers his theme around how far peoople will go when they fear for their life, people will do anything to survive. I. Young Goodman Brown A. The weakness of public

Changing perspective free essay sample

All changes of perspective are initiated by external factors A change of perspective is the transformation of one’s view, opinion or outlook. This transformation is initiated by various external factors that play a catalytic role in this change as they provide greater understanding and knowledge. However, it up to the individual’s or group’s preference whether they choose to acquire this opportunity for growth and awakening. It they do not, then no change of perspective will occur. In Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Mending Wall†, there are many external factors acting upon the individual attempting to deliver more understanding and knowledge, however, this act is rejected and the individual does not experience a change of perspective. In contrast, William Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"Daffodils†, illustrates that no matter how insignificant an external factor, in the form of an event, may seem, reflecting upon that event will provide an individual with enlightenment and awakening. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If individuals or groups willingly allow external factors to contribute to their view, then they will gain greater understanding and knowledge, this will consequently change their perception about the world, themselves and others. If an individual is unwilling to embrace the opportunity to change their perspective, which is initiated by external factors, then they will not gain any knowledge or understanding about the world and people around them. In ‘Mending Wall’, Frost’s persona is unwilling to accept the perception of his neighbour about the wall which makes it difficult for him to develop intellectually or gain any understanding. The persona believes that the neighbour is trapped by tradition by the simile ‘like an old stone savage’. This indicates that the persona is unable to realize the neighbor’s aphorism that ‘good fences make good neighbors’. The neighbour is the external factor who attempts to help the persona realize that the mending the wall is not a barrier but the tradition that strengthens their friendship, however, the persona thinks otherwise and therefore does not gain any understanding. Another external factor that has an impact upon Frost’s persona is nature. Nature is the cause of the breaking in the wall and therefore the mending of the wall occurs. The first line of the poem is an anastrophe ‘something there is that doesn’t love a wall’ which displays to the audience that nature does not like permanent barriers between humans. This is also a personification and it gives the wall power and human like qualities to destroy and bring objects together. Nature endeavors to create an awakening and understanding for the neighbour that it will reinforce the friendship between him and his neighbour. However by rejecting his neighbor’s outlook and misunderstanding of nature, the persona is limiting his opportunity for growth and knowledge and is trapped by his own perspective on life, an irony he does not recognize. Therefore, it is clear that individuals who do not embrace the opportunity to change their perspective will not receive greater knowledge or understanding about their surroundings. If an individual chooses to reject the opportunity to change their perspective, that is initiated by external factors, then they will not experience any growth or awakening about the world around them. â€Å"We Are Going† displays the change of culture for aboriginal people as a result of colonization and the arrival of ‘White people’ into Australia. The white people do not embrace the opportunity to befriend the aboriginal people and share their views but instead invade their tribal land. They ‘hurry about like ants’. This simile indicates that the white people lead a rushed lifestyle that prevents them from reflecting upon what is important in life, thus, it is impossible for them to develop intellectually or emotionally. Furthermore, the Europeans not only invade the tribes but the visual image ‘notice of the estate agents read: rubbish may be tipped here’ demonstrates that they also do not have respect for the land and they are not accepting the opportunities that the land could offer them. As a result, they are limiting their prospects of gaining much more than a rubbish tip from the land. The persona repeatedly says ‘we are†¦. ’ This is a metaphor and cumulation that describes the relationship between aboriginal people and their land. However, the white people choose to have contrasting views and do not provide the land its desired respect. The persona uses the simile ‘We are as strangers here now’ to describe the impact that the Europeans’ preference to reject the opportunity to change their perspective had on their lives. As a result of losing their home, they are feeling devastated, demoralized and dejected because the land is of great importance to them. Due to the ignorance of the Europeans and their choice to not allow the external factors to influence them, they did not experience any development or awakening and therefore, they did not change their perspective about the world. While some individuals may ignore the significance of an experience, they are not condemned to leave the opportunity for growth and enlightenment forever and if they allow external factors to deliver them greater knowledge, then a change of perspective may occur. Wordsworth’s persona looks back in hindsight and comes to an epiphany in which he realizes the importance of nature. He states ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud. ’ This simile indicates that the persona is isolated and disconnected from nature as clouds float high in the sky therefore it is difficult for him to receive any knowledge or understanding . The simile additionally reflects upon the persona’s loneliness and his initial perspective about nature and the world around him. However, when the persona spots the daffodils his preliminary perspective deviates ‘when all at once I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils’. This personification explains to the audience that the persona finds these flowers intriguing and this foreshadows the possibility that he may reconnect with his surroundings. The daffodils are personified by the persona ‘tossing their heads in a sprightly dance’. He describes this in such a way that illustrates he is gaining enlightenment from their movement. The persona states ‘and then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils’ shows his changing perspective as nature fills him with joy rather than a feeling of loneliness. The persona comes to the awakening or understanding that he has been disconnected from the natural world and the importance of nature. In addition, he also attempts to transform the audiences’ outlook and help them understand that they are living a life without passion. Therefore, it is clear that if an individual is willing to gain knowledge and understanding from various factors, they will experience a change of perspective.

Risk Management Model for Outsourcing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantage and disadvantage of outsourcing Business Functions. Answer: Introduction Business process outsourcing can be defined as contracting out few business processes or functions to the third party (Mohr, Sengupta and Slater 2009). These functions or processes can be outsourced to a company or an individual. The company to which function or process is outsourced is known as the vendor company or outsourcing partner. Businesses usually go for outsourcing to focus on their core processes and functions in which they have expertise. Outsourcing helps the business to contract out less relevant processes or functions to some other individual or organisation; this gives competitive advantage to the frim. Outsourcing can be permanent or temporary depending upon the need and contractual obligations. Few common aspects that businesses outsourcing include marketing research, human resource, legal affairs, customer call centres, manufacturing, information technology, payroll processing, and facility management (Schniederjans 2015). Outsourcing can be of many types such as m anufacturing outsourcing, professional service outsourcing, process specific outsourcing, offshore outsourcing and operational outsourcing service. Outsourcing has various implications on both the companies the one who outsources and one who does the work. The various potential positive and negative implications of the company shape up the outsourcing decisions of the firm. This report analyses various advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. Objective of the project: The study was undertaken with the following key objectives- The meaning of outsourcing The project report aims to identify and clearly understand the concept of business process outsourcing. Various advantages of outsourcing business functions The main goal of the study is clearly identify all the potential advantages that firm can gain if it outsources its functions or processes. Various drawbacks of outsourcing business functions The study also aims to identify various drawbacks associated with the outsourcing of business processes and functions. Role played by benefits and risks in taking the outsourcing decision The report also aims to identify how potential benefits and drawbacks shape up the outsourcing decision of the firm. Scope of the project: Globalisation is on rise in recent decades. To be successful in globalised environment the companies are trying to apply outsourcing in their operations, functions and processes. Thus outsourcing is the topic of growing importance and recent debate. The topic has wide implications on social, conceptual, economical and moral aspects. Outsourcing is wide topic for research. The scope of this paper is confined to the advantages and disadvantages of the research. The report takes into consideration various positive and negative implications that outsourcing business function decision can have of the firm. These report analyses the works of various authors. Various books, journals and articles will be taken into consideration for the report. In this report firstly concept of outsourcing then the advantages and disadvantages associated with the outsourcing of various business functions will be studied. The report also analyses the role of benefits and drawbacks on outsourcing decision of t he firm. The scope of the study comprises on insights to the topic of advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. The research has a wide scope because topic directly or indirectly touches the social, political, legal, comical, technical and environmental forces. The research has been designed in such a way to achieve all the predefined objectives. The limitations to the research include lack of aces to the data of company and geographical location. Location constraints are because it was not feasible to take face to face interviews everywhere. There was lack of access because most of the companies keep their information private and confidential. Also the research will take into consideration secondary data therefore there are probabilities of errors. All the information available about this topic will be heavily weighed and considered before framing a judgement or professional opinion. Literature Review: Outsourcing business processes and functions have emerged as a recent trend. This topic has been in the continuous debate from years. Different authors have different opinions about outsourcing. The outsourcing has various advantages but its potential risks and drawbacks cannot be overlooked. Lot of arguments have been given by various authors for and against outsourcing. Various advantages are listed in table 1 of appendix. One of the major advantages of outsourcing business function is cost saving. Outsourcing enables a company to get the same kind of job done at lower prices due to difference in the economic environment of various countries. For example he labour cost in Asian countries is much lower than other countries. Thus contracting out some functions to Asian countries could give the firms cost benefit. Operating cost can be reduced by well-designed and well managed outsourcing (Bryce and Useem 1998). It has been evident from various researches that outsourcing easily trans fers the responsibility of less relevant business functions to third party. This helps the business to achieve specialisation. It allows the firm to focus on core business areas and their expertise (Qulin and Duhamel 2003).Outsourcing also increases business efficiency and reducing capital expenditures. The capital expenditures on doing the function or process self is saved by outsourcing. Also it increases the efficiency because the vendor firm is specialised in the function that is outsourced. Contracting out the work to third party enables the firm to have on- time processes without incurring capital expenditures (Razzaque and Sheng 1998). Outsourcing also offers the benefit of better quality because the vendor firms have specialisation in particular area. The thirst for quality is one of the basic reasons why firms go for outsourcing. When companies go for offshore outsourcing, it offers the benefits of availability of some resources that are not available in the home country. M ost of the companies ensure that despite savings the quality should not suffer. Companies outsource to gain innovation and improve product quality (Corbett 2004). Staffing flexibility can also be gained by outsourcing. It helps the companies having seasonal staffing requirements. Temporary services can be used to meet the peak season demands. Event sector firms need is the best example of such firms. They need huge workforce during a particular event. Outsourcing allows the company to bring in additional resources whenever required and release them whenever done (Gupta and Zhender 1994). Outsourcing of human resource function provides access to better skills and talents. Companies do not need to spend time and resources for recruiting and training the workforce in the organisation. Other organisations who are specialised and have skilled pool of talent can do this task better. Thus outsourcing of human resources function to a specialised organisation provides business access to skil led and talented resources without much effort (Greer, Youngblood, and Gray, 1999). Outsourcing business functions saves on infrastructure and technology. Some functions and processes require vast infrastructural setup and technological setup, outsourcing these functions shifts the responsibility to outsourcing partner. Outsourcing eliminates the need for infrastructural development and the process or function is performed by outsourcing partner (Grover, Cheon and Teng 1996). Time zone advantage is another major advantage of offshore business process outsourcing. It allows the companies to have round the clock business operations. Example call centres situated at different locations provides services to customers of different companies at different times. It is one the most important advantage for todays global business (Kikuchi and Van Long 2010). Another major advantage of outsourcing business functions is risk reduction. Outsourcing various major functions such as human resource and knowledge based services reduces the risk to a considerable extent (Quinn 1999). These were the arguments were in the favour of business process outsourcing, there are various authors who contradict these advantages and present the various disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. Table 2 of appendix has list of potential drawbacks. One of the major disadvantages associated with outsourcing is loss of control. The firm loses the control over the function or process that was outsourced. For example if firm outsources its human resource function it will have a less control over the type of workforce that it wants to possess. The firm only has contractual control over the outsourcing partner. The management and control of that function shifts to the outsourcing partner (Antonucci, Lordi and Tucker 1998). Some authors also argue that outsourcing business functions does not actually save cost, outsourcing various business activities involves various hidden activities. Also this reduces capital expenditure but imposes various other costs, which are to be paid at frequent intervals. Anything that is not covered in contract involves additional cost (Lonsdale 1999). Major issue with outsourcing business functions is threat to security and confidentiality. If the compan y transfers any confidential information such as payroll records, medical records, product formula or any other important information, the security of the company and its people is compromised. If the private information of the company is made public by the outsourcing partner it can have various negative implications on the business (Raiborn, Butler and Massoud 2009). It is being argued by various authors that outsourcing business functions improves the quality but this is not possible in every case. The arguments against business function outsourcing state that outsourcing negatively impacts the quality. The contract only determines price and quantity, to earn higher profits outsourcing partner compromises the quality. In addition to quality hazards business also loses the ability to respond quickly to the changing environment. If a function or process is outsourced the changes cannot be implemented directly the changes that are to be adopted are transferred from the firm to outso urcing partner and implementing those changes requires changes in the contract and various other legal constraints (Blumberg 1998). Outsourcing of business functions can also lead to conflict of interest among the company and its outsourcing partner. It is not always possible that interest of business and its outsourcing partner are same, they may have different interest. The difference in interests of both the firms can lead to conflict among them, which is a negative implication (Avery 2000). Domberger (1998) and Hendry (1995) identified various other disadvantages of outsourcing business functions these include transaction cost, opportunistic behaviour and reduced learning and innovation (Mol and Kotabe 2011). Reduction in learning and innovation makes firm dependent on other firms. It indirectly reduces businesses firms ability to grow further. A drawback may also arise if the company has made a wrong choice while selecting the outsourcing partner or the contract is poor. If the company made poor selection of the vendor company it will ultimately hamper the process or function that is outsourced. Also the contract should always include all the terms and conditions poorly formulated business contract may lead business into trouble (Lee and Kim 1999). The available literature on outsourcing highlights that outsourcing of business functions or processes have various advantages and drawbacks. The outsourcing decision of the firm depends on potential risk and benefits associated with a particular decision. These advantages and disadvantages differ according to organisation, situation and market. Conclusion From the above study it can be concluded that outsourcing business process provides competitive edge to the businesses. It offers various advantages such as low cost, better quality, focus on core business areas, efficiency, staffing flexibility and well trained and skilled resources. Some of these advantages turn disadvantage in certain situations. For example outsourcing parent may compromise quality and the capital expenditure remain slow but the firm outsourcing may impose various time to time expenditure on the firm. Various other disadvantages of the firm include threat to security and confidentiality of information, contradicting interest of the outsourcing firm, wrong choice of the Vendor Company, poorly framed contract, low learning power, increased dependency and business loses its ability to quickly respond to changes in the business environment. There are various advantages but it depends on business weather it will gain benefits or has to face drawbacks. Every firm shoul d have a profound knowledge of advantages and disadvantages that can affect the company. The outsourcing decision of the firm and choice of the vendor should largely be depended on the possible outcomes. The company should always analyse the drawbacks and find out measures that how those drawbacks can be turned into the potential advantage. Overall the report clearly highlights the advantages and disadvantages of business functions outsourcing. References Abdur Razzaque, M. and Chen Sheng, C., 1998. Outsourcing of logistics functions: a literature survey. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 28(2), pp.89-107. Antonucci, Y.L., Lordi, F.C. and Tucker III, J.J., 1998. The pros and cons of IT outsourcing. Journal of Accountancy, 185(6), p.26. Avery, G., 2000. Outsourcing public health laboratory services: A blueprint for determining whether to privatize and how. Public Administration Review, 60(4), pp.330-337. Blumberg, D.F., 1998. Strategic assessment of outsourcing and downsizing in the service market. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 8(1), pp.5-18. Bryce, D.J. and Useem, M., 1998. The impact of corporate outsourcing on company value. European Management Journal, 16(6), pp.635-643. Corbett, M.F., 2004. The outsourcing revolution. Why it makes sense and how to do it right, A Dearborn trade Publishing: Chicago. Greer, C.R., Youngblood, S.A. and Gray, D.A., 1999. Human resource management outsourcing: The make or buy decision. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(3), pp.85-96. Grover, V., Cheon, M.J. and Teng, J.T., 1996. The effect of service quality and partnership on the outsourcing of information systems functions. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(4), pp.89-116. Gupta, M. and Zhender, D., 1994. Outsourcing and its impact on operations strategy. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 35(3), p.70. Kikuchi, T. and Van Long, N., 2010. A simple model of service offshoring with time zone differences. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 21(3), pp.217-227. Lee, J.N. and Kim, Y.G., 1999. Effect of partnership quality on IS outsourcing success: conceptual framework and empirical validation. Journal of Management information systems, 15(4), pp.29-61. Lonsdale, C., 1999. Effectively managing vertical supply relationships: a risk management model for outsourcing. Supply chain management: An international journal, 4(4), pp.176-183. Mohr, J.J., Sengupta, S. and Slater, S.F., 2009. Marketing of high-technology products and innovations. Pearson Prentice Hall. Mol, M.J. and Kotabe, M., 2011. Overcoming inertia: drivers of the outsourcing process. Long Range Planning, 44(3), pp.160-178. Qulin, B. and Duhamel, F., 2003. Bringing together strategic outsourcing and corporate strategy:: Outsourcing motives and risks. European management journal, 21(5), pp.647-661. Quinn, J.B., 1999. Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities. Sloan management review, 40(4), p.9. Raiborn, C.A., Butler, J.B. and Massoud, M.F., 2009. Outsourcing support functions: Identifying and managing the good, the bad, and the ugly. Business Horizons, 52(4), pp.347-356. Schniederjans, M.J., Schniederjans, A.M. and Schniederjans, D.G., 2015. Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. Routledge.